Bark and Ambrosia Beetles of North and Central America

SYNONYMY

Taxonomic Comments.  Lanier et. al. (1991) recognized 3 subspecies primarily based on biological and chromosomal characters: c. calligraphus for populations in eastern North America, c. ponderosae for populations from western North America including northern Mexico, and c. interstitialis for Caribbean populations. At present these subspecific distinctions are not recognized because of the practical difficulties involved in re-examinng large numbers of specimens, especially from published records. These authors also treated populations from Central Mexico and Central America as apache which is followed here. This should not be considered a rejection of the their conclusions. On the other hand I believe that considerably more work will need to be done to fully resolve theses taxa in northen Mexico and adjacent portions of the southwestern U.S. Wood & Bright (1992: 494) did not recognize these subspecies. Their listing also includes everything treated by Lanier et al. (1991) as I. apache under calligraphus.